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Section 47 - Indian Evidence Act, 1872
47. Opinion as to handwriting, when relevant
When the Court has to form an opinion as to the person by whom any document was written or signed, the opinion of any person acquainted with the handwriting of the person by whom it is supposed to be written or signed that it was or was not written or signed by that person, is a relevant fact.
Illustration
The question is, whether a given letter is in the handwriting of A, merchant in London.
B is a merchant in Calcutta, who has written letters addressed to A and received letters purporting to be written by him. C is Bs clerk, whose duty it was to examine and file Bs correspondence. D is Bs broker, to whom B habitually submitted the letters purporting to be written by A for the purpose of advising with him thereon.
The opinions of B, C and D on the question whether the letter is in the handwriting of A are relevant, though neither B, C and D ever saw A write.
Related Sections
- Section 81A: Presumption as to Gazettes in electronic forms
- Section 90A: Presumption as to electronic records five year old
- Section 29: Confession otherwise relevant not to become irrelevant because of promise of secrecy, etc.
- Section 163: Giving, as evidence, of document called for and produced on notice
- Section 44: Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment, or incompetency of Court, may be proved
Related Acts
- Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Act, 2024
- Repealing and Amending Act, 2017
- Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Amendment Act, 2015
- Commission for Air Quality Management in National Capital Region and Adjoining Areas Act, 2021
- Commercial Courts, Commercial Division and Commercial Appellate Division of High Courts (Amendment) Act, 2018