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Section 4 - Indian Evidence Act, 1872
Indian Evidence Act, 1872
4. "May presume"
Whenever it is provided by this Act that Court may presume a fact, it may either regard such fact as proved, unless and until it is disproved, or may call for proof of it:
"Shall presume" – Whenever it s directed by this Act that the Court shall presume a fact, it shall regard such fact as proved, unless and until it disproved;
"Conclusive proof" – When one fact is declared by this Act to be conclusive proof of another, the Court shall, on proof of the one fact, regard the other as proved, and shall not allow evidence to be given for the purpose of disproving it.
Related Sections
- Section 70: Admission of execution by party to attested document
- Section 32: Cases in which statement of relevant fact by person who is dead or cannot be found, etc, is relevant
- Section 162: Productions of documents
- Section 30: Consideration of proved confession affecting person making it and others jointly under trial for same offence
- Section 119: Dumb witnesses
Related Acts
- National Institutes of Technology, Science Education and Research (Amendment) Act, 2017
- National Institutes of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management Act, 2021
- Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Teachers Cadre) Act, 2019
- Central Goods and Services Tax (Extension to Jammu and Kashmir) Act, 2017
- Repealing and Amending Act, 2019
* Only for reference.